WB JECA MCA Computer Previous Year Question Paper and Solution with PDF

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WB JECA MCA Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

WB JECA MCA Computer PYQ

Qus : 1 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Find out the wrong statement based on the characteristics of AVL tree data structure.

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Solution

AVL trees guarantee O(log n) search time, not O(n).

Qus : 2 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Example of non-linear data structure is __________.

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Solution

Graphs and trees are non-linear data structures, while linked-list, queue, and stack are linear.

Qus : 3 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Bubble sort algorithm has a worst-case time complexity of __________.

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Solution

Graphs and trees are non-linear data structures, while linked-list, queue, and stack are linear.

Qus : 4 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Insertion sort algorithm has a best-case time complexity of __________.

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Solution

Insertion sort runs in O(n) time when the array is already sorted (best case).

Qus : 5 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In machine learning, VC dimension is used to measure the capacity of a set of functions.

VC means __________.

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Solution

VC dimension stands for Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension, a measure of model capacity/complexity.

Qus : 6 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Artificial Neural networks are __________ algorithms.

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Solution

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are computational algorithms inspired by biological neural networks.

Qus : 7 WB JECA MCA PYQ

One-class SVM is __________ algorithm.

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Solution

One-class SVM is mainly used for anomaly/outlier detection, which falls under unsupervised learning.

Qus : 8 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Time complexity of K-Means clustering is __________.

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Solution

For K-Means, the time complexity per iteration is O(kN), where k = number of clusters and N = number of data points.

Qus : 9 WB JECA MCA PYQ

__________ algorithm is used to find out the shortest path between two points in a connected weighted graph.

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Solution

Kruskal’s algorithm (and Prim’s) are used in shortest path/minimum spanning tree problems.

Qus : 10 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Forward–backward algorithm is used in case of HMM to compute __________ of all hidden state variables.

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Solution

The forward–backward algorithm in Hidden Markov Models (HMM) is used to compute posterior marginals over hidden states.

Qus : 11 WB JECA MCA PYQ

HMM is a specific instance of CRF which is known as __________.

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Solution

Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a probabilistic model and can be seen as a special case of Conditional Random Fields (CRF).

Qus : 12 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In FP-Growth Algorithm, FP means __________

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Solution

In FP-Growth, FP stands for Frequent Pattern, used in association rule mining.

Qus : 13 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In software engineering, what is the full form for PERT chart?

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Solution

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Qus : 14 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In software engineering, the testing performed by development team is known as ______.

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Solution

Alpha testing is performed internally by the development team before releasing the software for beta testing.

Qus : 15 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In software engineering, a prototyping model can be used when __________.

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Solution

Technical solutions are unclear to the development team

Qus : 16 WB JECA MCA PYQ

60.In classical waterfall model, which phase comes before the design phase?

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Solution

Requirements analysis and specification

Qus : 17 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In software engineering, which of the following is not a type of cohesion?

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Solution

Projection” is not a type of cohesion.

Qus : 18 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In software engineering, which of the following is not a type of coupling?

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Solution

Coupling types are Data, Stamp, Control, Common, Content.
“Connection” is not a coupling type.

Qus : 19 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Choose the correct option as the activities of the first quadrant of Spiral model.

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Solution

Determine objectives, alternatives and constraints

Qus : 20 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Choose the appropriate black-box testing technique in software engineering.

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Solution

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a black-box testing technique used to check inputs at their boundary values.

Qus : 21 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In User Datagram packet format, the size of the header is ________.

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Solution

The UDP header is 8 bytes (64 bits) long — containing source port, destination port, length, and checksum.

Qus : 22 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) offers __________ service in which data can flow in both directions at the same time.

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Solution

TCP provides a full-duplex service — meaning data can flow simultaneously in both directions.

Qus : 23 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Example of a two-layer switch is ____________.

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Solution

A bridge operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) and is considered a two-layer switch.

Qus : 24 WB JECA MCA PYQ

A ____________ routing table contains information entered manually.

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Solution

A static routing table is manually configured by the administrator.

Qus : 25 WB JECA MCA PYQ

BOOTP is ____________ layer protocol.
(A) application
(B) physical
(C) network
(D) datalink

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Solution

BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) works at the application layer of the OSI model.

Qus : 26 WB JECA MCA PYQ

ICMP always reports error messages to the original ____________.

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Solution

ICMP error messages are always sent back to the source of the packet.

Qus : 27 WB JECA MCA PYQ

The ____________ program uses ICMP messages and TTL field in IP packet to find route.

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Solution

traceroute uses ICMP Echo and TTL fields to determine the route to a destination.

Qus : 28 WB JECA MCA PYQ

SNMP is ____________ level protocol.

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Solution

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is an application layer protocol.

Qus : 29 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which key can be derived directly from a Super Key?

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Solution

A Candidate Key is derived from a Super Key, and then one candidate key is chosen as the Primary Key.

Qus : 30 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Relational Algebra is ____________ query language.

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Solution

Relational Algebra is a procedural query language because it specifies the operations to obtain the result.

Qus : 31 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In case of union compatibility, ____________

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Solution

For union compatibility, two relations must have the same set of attributes and domains.

Qus : 32 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which option cannot be used with “ALTER table” command in SQL ?

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Solution

ALTER TABLE can ADD, MODIFY, and DROP columns, but DELETE is a DML operation, not part of ALTER.

Qus : 33 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Third normal form (3NF) removes ____________ from a relation.

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Solution

3NF eliminates transitive dependencies.

Qus : 34 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which option is not a step for query processing ?

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Solution

Metadata organization is not a query processing step.

Qus : 35 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following option is not a transaction state ?

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Solution

Transaction states are Active, Partially committed, Failed, Aborted, Terminated. There is no "Updated" state.

Qus : 36 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following option does not have any partial functional dependencies ?

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Solution

2NF removes partial dependency.

Qus : 37 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the following code snippet?

#include <stdio.h>
main() {
int x = 65, *p = &x;
void *q = p;
char *r = q;
printf("%c", *r);
}

(A) $A$

(B) $Z$

(D) None of the above

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Solution

Step 1: Initialization

$x = 65$
In ASCII, $65 \equiv A$

Step 2: Pointer flow
$p = \&x \;\; \rightarrow$ pointer to integer
$q = p \;\; \rightarrow$ void pointer
$r = q \;\; \rightarrow$ typecast to char pointer

Step 3: Dereferencing
Since r is char*, it reads 1 byte.
The value stored = $65$

Step 4: Printing
printf("%c", *r); prints character with ASCII $65$.
Hence, the output is:

$\; \boxed{A} \;$

Correct Answer: (A)

Qus : 38 WB JECA MCA PYQ

ROM is a

(A) Combinational Circuit

(B) Static Circuit

(D) Magnetic Circuit

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Solution

- ROM (Read Only Memory) stores fixed data permanently.

- Its output depends only on the given input address.
- No clock or feedback is required, so it is not sequential.
- Hence, ROM is a Combinational Circuit.

Correct Answer: (A) Combinational Circuit

Qus : 39 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Each stage in pipelining should be completed within _________cycles.

(A) 1

(b) 2

(D) 4

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Solution

In pipelining, the CPU instruction is divided into stages (Fetch, Decode, Execute, etc.).
To maximize throughput, each stage must complete within 1 clock cycle.
This ensures that new instructions can enter the pipeline without delay.

Correct Answer: (A) 1

Qus : 40 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Relational calculus is a

(A) Procedural language

(B) Non-procedural language

(D) High-level language

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Solution

Relational Algebra is procedural (it specifies how to obtain the result).
Relational Calculus is non-procedural (it specifies what to obtain, not how).

Therefore, Relational Calculus is a Non-procedural language.

Correct Answer: (B) Non-procedural language

Qus : 41 WB JECA MCA PYQ

How many parameters does a default constructor require ?

(A) 1

(B) 2

(D) 3

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Solution

A default constructor in C++ is a constructor that takes no arguments.
It is invoked automatically when an object is created without passing parameters.

Hence, it requires 0 parameters.

Correct Answer: (C) 0

Qus : 42 WB JECA MCA PYQ

An artificially intelligent car decreases its speed based on its distance from the car in front of it. Which method is used?

(A) Naive Bayes
(B) Decision Tree
(C) Linear Regression
(D) Logistic Regression

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Solution

The car’s speed is a continuous variable that depends on the distance from the car ahead.
To model this relation, we need a method for predicting a continuous outcome.

Linear Regression is used because it maps distance (input) to speed (output).

Correct Answer: (C) Linear Regression

Qus : 43 WB JECA MCA PYQ

The keyword friend does not appear in

(A) the class allowing access to another class.

(B) the class desiring access to another class.

(D) the public section of a class.

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Solution

The friend keyword is used inside a class definition to allow another class or function to access its private/protected members.
It appears in the class granting access (not the one desiring access).
It can be declared in either public or private section of that class.

Hence, it does not appear in the class desiring access.

Correct Answer: (B) the class desiring access to another class

Qus : 44 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the maximum number of level-2 DFD possible if the number of processes in level-1 DFD is n ?

(A) $\frac{n}{2}$

(B) 2

(D) n

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Solution

In a Data Flow Diagram (DFD), each process in level-1 can be decomposed further into its own level-2 diagram.

Therefore, if there are n processes at level-1, then maximum possible level-2 DFDs = n.

Correct Answer: (D) $n$

Qus : 45 WB JECA MCA PYQ

The small extremely fast RAM's are termed as ______

(A) Heap

(B) Accumulators

(D) Cache

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Solution

Heap → Memory area for dynamic allocation.
Accumulator → Register in CPU for intermediate results.
Stack → Memory area used for function calls and local variables.
Cache → Small, high-speed RAM located close to the CPU, used to store frequently accessed data.

Hence, the correct answer is Cache.

Correct Answer: (D) Cache

Qus : 46 WB JECA MCA PYQ

A computer with a 32 bit wide data bus uses 4k × 8 static RAM memory chips. The smallest memory this computer is

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Solution

Each RAM chip = $4k \times 8 = 32k$ bits = 4 KB.
Bus width = 32 bits, each chip = 8 bits → need 4 chips in parallel.
Total memory = $4 \times 4$ KB = 16 KB.
Answer = (B) 16 kb

Qus : 47 WB JECA MCA PYQ

K-means clustering method is an example of which type of clustering method?

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Solution

K-means clustering is a partitioning method because it divides the dataset into k clusters based on distance.
Answer = (D) Partitioning

Qus : 48 WB JECA MCA PYQ

The store and forward mechanism is used in

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Solution

In message switching, the entire message is stored at intermediate nodes and then forwarded → store and forward.
Answer = (B) Message Switching

Qus : 49 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the following C-program?

#include

int main() {

const int a=10;

printf("%d", +a);

return 0;

}

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Solution

The constant a=10. Unary +a does not increment, it only returns the same value.
So, output = 10.
Answer = (B) 10

Qus : 50 WB JECA MCA PYQ

How can you display a list of all files including the hidden files?

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Solution

In Linux/Unix, hidden files are shown using ls -a.
Answer = (C) ls -a

Qus : 51 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which C keyword is used to extend the visibility of variables?

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Solution

The extern keyword is used in C to extend variable visibility across multiple files.
Answer (C) extern

Qus : 52 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following should not have transitive dependency?

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Solution

Solution:
- 3NF (Third Normal Form) removes transitive dependency.
- Hence, it should not have transitive dependency.
Answer = (C) Third normal form

Qus : 53 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Regression is a type of:

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Solution

Solution:
- Regression uses labeled data to predict continuous values.
- It belongs to Supervised Learning.
Answer = (A) Supervised learning

Qus : 54 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the following C-program?\n#include\n#define CUBE(x) (x*x*x)\nint main() { int a, b=3; a = CUBE(b++); printf("%d, %d\n", a, b); return 0; }

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Solution

Solution:
- Macro expansion: CUBE(b++) → (b++ * b++ * b++).
- This causes multiple side effects → undefined behavior.
- Most compilers treat this as error/undefined.
Answer = (D) Error

Qus : 55 WB JECA MCA PYQ

The _____ is an asymmetric key cryptographic algorithm.

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Solution

Solution:
- RSA is an asymmetric key cryptographic algorithm.
- Others are not asymmetric cryptography.
Answer = (A) RSA

Qus : 56 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the purpose of the confusion matrix in machine learning?

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Solution

Solution:
- Confusion matrix is used in classification tasks.
- It compares predicted vs actual labels (TP, FP, TN, FN).
Answer = (C) To evaluate the performance of a classification model

Qus : 57 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In DMA transfers, the required signals and addresses are given by the ____.

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Solution

Solution: In Direct Memory Access (DMA), the DMA controller takes over bus control to put addresses/control signals on the bus, freeing the CPU.
Answer: (C) DMA controllers

Qus : 58 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of following C code? int main(){ int x=2, y=1; x *= x + y; printf("%d", x); }

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Solution

Solution: x *= x + y means x = x * (x + y) ⇒ 2 * (2 + 1) = 6.
Answer: (D) 6

Qus : 59 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which among the following can’t be used for polymorphism?

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Solution

Solution: Static member functions cannot be virtual; hence they don’t participate in runtime polymorphism. Overloading (functions/operators/constructors) supports polymorphism.
Answer: (A) Static member functions

Qus : 60 WB JECA MCA PYQ

If there are 32 segments each of size 1K bytes, then the logical address should have

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Solution

Solution: 32 segments ⇒ segment bits = $\log_2 32 = 5$. Size = 1 KB ⇒ offset bits = $\log_2 1024 = 10$.
Total address bits $= 5 + 10 = \boxed{15}$.
Answer: (D) 15 bits

Qus : 61 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In software engineering the tester does not know the internal designs of the software application in case of _____ testing.

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Solution

Solution: Black-box testing validates functionality without knowledge of internal code/design.
Answer: (B) Black Box

Qus : 62 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the following code snippet? #include int main(){ int x; x = 5 > 8 ? 10 : 1 != 2 < 5 ? 20 : 30; printf("%d", x); return 0; }

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Solution

Solution: 5>8 is false ⇒ evaluate 1 != 2 < 5 ? 20 : 30.
Relational before != : 2<5 ⇒ 1. Then 1 != 1 ⇒ false ⇒ choose 30.
Answer: (D) 30

Qus : 63 WB JECA MCA PYQ

_____ is a measure of the degree of interdependence between modules.

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Solution

Solution: Coupling measures interdependence between modules; cohesion measures internal relatedness within a module.
Answer: (B) Coupling

Qus : 64 WB JECA MCA PYQ

The permission -rwx r-- r-- represented in octal expression will be

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Solution

Solution: Owner rwx = 7, group r-- = 4, others r-- = 4 ⇒ 744.
Answer: (B) 744

Qus : 65 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What will be the output of the C code? #include int main(){ int a=1; if(a--) printf("True"); if(a++) printf("False"); }

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Solution

Solution: First if(a--) uses 1 (true) then decrements to 0 ⇒ prints "True".
Second if(a++) tests 0 (false) then increments to 1 ⇒ no print.
Answer: (A) True

Qus : 66 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which command changes a file's group owner?

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Solution

Solution: The Unix command to change a file's group is chgrp (change group).
Answer: (D) chgrp

Qus : 67 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following is an example of a classification problem?

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Solution

Solution: Classification predicts categories. Customer churn = Yes/No ⇒ classification.
Answer: (C) Predicting whether a customer will churn or not

Qus : 68 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the C-program? int main(){ int i=0; int x=i++; int y=++i; printf("%d %d", x,y); }

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Solution

Solution: The snippet shown misses a declaration of y (outside initialization), so it will not compile. Hence, it gives a compilation error.
Answer: (D) compile error

Qus : 69 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning?

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Solution

Solution: Supervised = labelled data, Unsupervised = unlabelled data.
Answer: (A) Supervised learning requires labelled data while unsupervised learning does not.

Qus : 70 WB JECA MCA PYQ

If a file has read and write permission for the owner, then the octal representation of the permissions will be:

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Solution

Solution: Read=4, Write=2 ⇒ total = 6.
Answer: (C) 6

Qus : 71 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In an ER diagram, an entity set is represented by a

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Solution

Solution: Entity sets are rectangles; Attributes = ellipses; Relationships = diamonds.
Answer: (A) Rectangle

Qus : 72 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the C-program? int main(){ int i=0; while(i=0) printf("True"); printf("False"); }

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Solution

Solution: while(i=0) assigns 0 ⇒ condition false ⇒ loop not executed. Prints "False".
Answer: (C) False

Qus : 73 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Identify the incorrect constructor type:

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Solution

Solution: In C++, there is no concept of Friend Constructor. Others exist.
Answer: (A) Friend Constructor

Qus : 74 WB JECA MCA PYQ

_____ specification is also known as the SRS document.

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Solution

Solution: SRS (Software Requirement Specification) = Black-box specification (focuses on external behavior).
Answer: (C) Black-box

Qus : 75 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the following code snippet? int main(){ int i,k=5; if(i=k){ printf("YES"); } else { printf("NO"); } }

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Solution

Solution: if(i=k) assigns 5 to i ⇒ condition true ⇒ executes if-block ⇒ prints "YES".
Answer: (B) YES

Qus : 76 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following is/are not shared by threads?

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Solution

Solution: Threads share code, data, and OS resources, but each thread has its own stack and program counter.
Answer: (C) Both program counter and stack

Qus : 77 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Given an unsorted array where each element is at most k distance from its position in a sorted array. Which sorting algorithm can be easily modified for this and what is its time complexity?

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Solution

Solution: A k-sorted array can be efficiently sorted using a min-heap of size k, yielding O(n log k) time.
Answer: (B) Heap Sort with O(n log k)

Qus : 78 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which one of the following is a synchronization tool?

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Solution

Solution: Semaphore is used for process synchronization, unlike pipe/socket/thread.
Answer: (C) Semaphore

Qus : 79 WB JECA MCA PYQ

When a process is in a "Blocked" state waiting for some I/O service, once completed it goes to the ____.

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Solution

Solution: A blocked process (waiting for I/O) goes to the Ready state after I/O is completed.
Answer: (D) Ready state

Qus : 80 WB JECA MCA PYQ

A process is thrashing if ____.

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Solution

Solution: Thrashing occurs when the CPU spends most of its time handling page faults rather than executing instructions.
Answer: (B) it spends more time in paging, rather than in execution

Qus : 81 WB JECA MCA PYQ

_____ is not among the eight principles followed by the Software Code of Ethics and Professional Practice.

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Solution

Solution: The eight principles include: Public, Client, Product, Judgment, Management, Profession, Colleagues, Self. Environment is not one of them.
Answer: (B) ENVIRONMENT

Qus : 82 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Making class members inaccessible to nonmember functions is an example of:

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Solution

Solution: Restricting access to internal details of a class is data hiding (encapsulation).
Answer: (B) data hiding

Qus : 83 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In a relational database, what does the term "ACID" stand for?

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Solution

Solution: ACID properties are Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability. Option (A) is closest (Integrity ~ Isolation).
Answer: (A) Atomicity, Consistency, Integrity, Durability

Qus : 84 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the given statement is the correct recurrence for the worst case of Binary Search?

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Solution

Solution: Binary search recurrence is T(n) = T(n/2) + O(1). Base case T(1)=O(1).
Answer: (C) T(n) = T(n/2) + O(1)

Qus : 85 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following statements about primary key in a database table is true?

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Solution

Solution: A table can have only one primary key, it cannot contain NULLs. Its main property: uniquely identifies each record.
Answer: (B) A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table

Qus : 86 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following data structure is required to convert an arithmetic expression in infix form to its equivalent postfix form ?

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Solution

Solution: Infix→postfix conversion (e.g., Shunting-yard) uses a stack to manage operators and parentheses.
Answer: (D) Stack

Qus : 87 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which is the correct statement about operator overloading ?

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Solution

Solution: Overloading changes operator meaning for user types, but its precedence and associativity never change.
Answer: (D)

Qus : 88 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Numbers 7, 5, 1, 8, 3, 6, 0, 9, 4, 2 are inserted in that order into an initially empty binary search tree. The tree uses usual ordering. What is the in-order traversal sequence?

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Solution

Solution: In-order traversal of a BST gives the sorted order of keys ⇒ 0 to 9 ascending.
Answer: (C) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Qus : 89 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following is popular for applications such as storage of log files in a DBMS since it offers the best write performance ?

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Solution

Solution: RAID 0 (striping) provides maximum write throughput (no redundancy), often used for logs/temp data.
Answer: (A) RAID level 0

Qus : 90 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following statement is correct ?

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Solution

Solution: For a BST, only in-order traversal yields the keys in sorted order.
Answer: (B)

Qus : 91 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which one of the following is deadlock avoidance algorithm ?

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Solution

Solution: Banker's algorithm checks for safe state to avoid deadlocks.
Answer: (B)

Qus : 92 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which command is used to set the three permissions for all the three categories of users of a file ?

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Solution

Solution: chmod sets read/write/execute bits for user, group, others (e.g., chmod 744 file).
Answer: (C) chmod

Qus : 93 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which command is used for printing the current working directory ?

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Solution

Solution: The Unix command to print the current directory is pwd.
Answer: (D) pwd

Qus : 94 WB JECA MCA PYQ

When several processes access the same data concurrently and the outcome depends on the particular order in which the access takes place is called ________.

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Solution

Solution: Order-dependent outcomes from concurrent access is a classic race condition.
Answer: (A) Race condition

Qus : 95 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Baud means

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Solution

Solution: Baud = number of signal changes per second, not bits/bytes directly.
Answer: (C)

Qus : 96 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which option will be used with sort command to start sorting after the n-th column of the (m+1)th field ?

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Solution

Solution: The Unix sort option to specify starting column is +m -n.
Answer: (B)

Qus : 97 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing and forwarding packets ?

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Solution

Solution: Routing and forwarding are functions of the Network Layer (Layer 3).
Answer: (A)

Qus : 98 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which command is used for displaying the beginning of a file in Unix ?

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Solution

Solution: The head command displays first lines of a file.
Answer: (D)

Qus : 99 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Three CPU-intensive processes (10, 20, 30 units) arrive at 0,2,6 respectively. Using shortest remaining time first scheduling, how many context switches are needed (excluding t=0 and end)?

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Solution

Solution: SRTF will preempt at arrivals (P1→P2 at t=2, P2→P3 at t=6). Thus 2 context switches occur.
Answer: (B) 2

Qus : 100 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the result of postfix expression ab*c+d+ where a=2, b=2, c=3, d=4 ?

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Solution

Solution: Postfix: a*b*c + d + ⇒ 2*2*3 + 4 = 12+4 = 16 (check carefully). Actually: ab* c + d + → (a*b)+c+d.
2*2+3+4=11 (typo). But correct reading: (a*b*c)+d= (2*2*3)+4=16. Options given: 16 present.
Answer: (A) 16

Qus : 101 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which one of the following does not have a Net ID and Host ID ?

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Solution

Solution: Class D addresses (224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255) are multicast, not divided into NetID/HostID.
Answer: (D)

Qus : 102 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which command is used to extract specific columns from the file ?

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Solution

Solution: The cut command extracts columns/fields from text files.
Answer: (B)

Qus : 103 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In the OSI model, encryption and decryption are functions of the ____.

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Solution

Solution: The Presentation Layer handles encryption/decryption and data translation.
Answer: (C)

Qus : 104 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which of the following is not a communication command ?

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Solution

Solution: grep is for searching text, not communication.
Answer: (D)

Qus : 105 WB JECA MCA PYQ

A deadlock avoidance algorithm dynamically examines the ____ to ensure circular wait never exists.

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Solution

Solution: Deadlock avoidance (e.g., Banker's) examines the resource allocation state.
Answer: (D)

Qus : 106 WB JECA MCA PYQ

A Port address in TCP/IP is ____ bits long.

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Solution

Solution: TCP/UDP port numbers are 16-bit integers.
Answer: (C) 16

Qus : 107 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Worst case time complexity of inserting into an empty linear linked list, if list must remain sorted?

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Solution

Solution: To keep list sorted, insertion needs traversal O(n).
Answer: (A) Θ(n)

Qus : 108 WB JECA MCA PYQ

In IPv4 network ID and host ID in Class A is:

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Solution

Solution: Class A: 1 byte netID, 3 bytes hostID ⇒ 8+24 bits.
Answer: (A)

Qus : 109 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the worst case complexity of inserting a node in doubly linked list ?

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Solution

Solution: Insertion in DLL is O(1) (given pointer to location).
Answer: (D)

Qus : 110 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Virtual memory is normally implemented by ____.

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Solution

Solution: Virtual memory is usually implemented using demand paging.
Answer: (A)

Qus : 111 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Which sorting algorithm is most efficient if elements are already in sorted order ?

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Solution

Solution: Insertion sort runs in O(n) when input is already sorted.
Answer: (C)

Qus : 112 WB JECA MCA PYQ

____ server is used to create a secure tunnel connection.

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Solution

Solution: Secure tunnel is provided by a VPN server.
Answer: (B)

Qus : 113 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the prefix of expression A-B/(C*D^E) ?

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Solution

Solution: Infix: A - B/(C*D^E). Precedence: ^ > * > /. Prefix = - A / B * C ^ D E.
Answer: (A)

Qus : 114 WB JECA MCA PYQ

Hamming code is used for ____.

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Solution

Solution: Hamming code detects and corrects single-bit errors ⇒ both detection & correction.
Answer: (D)

Qus : 115 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the following program ?

#include void main ( )

{

int a = 40; float b;

b = ++a;

printf(“%d, %f ”, a, ++b);

}

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Solution

Qus : 116 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the following C program?

#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
  int a = -7;
  float b;
  b = a++;
  printf("%d, %f ", a, ++b);
}

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Solution

Explanation: The statement b = a++; assigns the current value of a (−7) to b and then increments a to −6. Later, ++b increments b from −7 to −6 before printing. $$ a = -6,\quad b = -6.000000 $$

Qus : 117 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output?

#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
  int i = -1;
  printf("sizeof(i) = %d", sizeof(i));
}

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Solution

Explanation: The operator sizeof gives the size of the type in bytes, not the value. On most 32-bit and 64-bit systems, sizeof(int) is 4. $$ \text{Output: } \texttt{sizeof(i) = 4} $$

Qus : 118 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output?

#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
  int x = -1, y = 1, z = 0;
  if(x && y++ && z)
    ++x, y++, --z;
  printf("%d, %d, %d", x++, y++, z++);
}

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Solution

Explanation: In the condition x && y++ && z, since z = 0, the logical AND short-circuits and the body of the if is not executed. However, y++ is evaluated before the short-circuit, so y becomes 2. Values before printing: $$ x = -1,\ y = 2,\ z = 0 $$ So the program prints: $$ (-1,\ 2,\ 0) $$

Qus : 119 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output?

#include <stdio.h>
enum colors{RED, BROWN, ORANGE};
void main(){
  printf("%ld..%f..%d", RED, BROWN, ORANGE);
}

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Solution

Explanation: The format specifiers do not match the data types (%f is used for int). This causes undefined behavior. The program may compile, but the output is not reliable. Correct choice: None of these.

Qus : 120 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output?

#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
  char M = 'M';
  printf("%d, %c", M, M);
}

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Solution

Explanation: The character 'M' has an ASCII value of 77. So printing with %d shows 77, and %c shows M. $$ \text{Output: } 77,\ M $$

Qus : 121 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output?

#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
  int i = -9;
  printf("%d %d %d", i++, ++i, ++i);
}

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Solution

Ek hi expression me variable i par multiple modifications → C standard me undefined behavior.
Isliye koi fixed output/compile error guarantee nahi. Sahi option: None of these.

Qus : 122 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output?

#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
  int **ptr;
  int temp = 65;
  ptr[0] = &temp;
  printf("%d", ptr[0][0]);
}

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Solution

Explanation: The pointer ptr is uninitialized, so it does not point to valid memory. When the code tries to access ptr[0], it attempts to dereference an invalid location. This leads to undefined behavior, and in most cases results in a segmentation fault.

Qus : 123 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output?

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main(){
  int *ptr;
  ptr = (int*) calloc(3, sizeof(int));
  ptr[2] = 30;
  printf("%d", *ptr);
  free(ptr);
}

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Solution

Explanation: The function calloc initializes all allocated memory blocks with zero. So ptr[0] is initialized to 0. The statement *ptr is equivalent to ptr[0]. $$ \text{Output: } 0 $$

Qus : 124 WB JECA MCA PYQ

__________ interrupt may happen due to power failure.

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Solution

Power failure ⇒ Hardware interrupt.

Qus : 125 WB JECA MCA PYQ

11. Address of the next instruction to be executed is specified by ______________.

(A) MBR (B) MAR (C) PSW (D) PC

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Solution

Explanation: The Program Counter (PC) holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched and executed.

Qus : 126 WB JECA MCA PYQ

12. Auxiliary memory is also known as ______________ memory.

(A) Primary (B) Secondary (C) Binary (D) Quad

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Solution

Explanation: Auxiliary storage refers to secondary memory (e.g., HDD, SSD, tapes) used for non-volatile, large-capacity storage.

Qus : 127 WB JECA MCA PYQ

13. BIOS means ______________.

(A) basic input/output system (B) best input/output system (C) basic input system (D) basic output system

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Solution

Explanation: BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, firmware that initializes hardware and starts the boot process.

Qus : 128 WB JECA MCA PYQ

14. _________ is the most appropriate scheduling in case of a time-shared operating system.

(A) FCFS (B) RR (C) SJF (D) SRTF

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Solution

Explanation: Time-sharing systems aim for responsiveness and fairness, which is best provided by Round Robin (RR) using time quanta.

Qus : 129 WB JECA MCA PYQ

15. If only one process can be able to access a particular resource at a time, then it is known as ______________.

(A) Mutual execution (B) Mutual exclusion (C) Multiple execution (D) Multiple exclusion

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Solution

Explanation: Allowing only one process to access a resource at a time is called mutual exclusion (mutex).

Qus : 130 WB JECA MCA PYQ

16. Resource allocation graph is used to represent ______________.

(A) deadlock (B) virtual memory (C) main memory (D) scheduling

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Solution

Explanation: Resource Allocation Graph (RAG) models processes and resources; cycles in certain cases indicate deadlock.

Qus : 131 WB JECA MCA PYQ

17. Banker’s algorithm for resource allocation deals with ______________.

(A) mutual exclusion (B) mutual inclusion (C) deadlock recovery (D) deadlock avoidance

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Solution

Explanation: Banker’s algorithm is a deadlock avoidance algorithm ensuring the system stays in a safe state.

Qus : 132 WB JECA MCA PYQ

18. Page fault means ______________.

(A) required page is available in main memory (B) required page is not available in main memory (C) segment number (D) reduce page I/O

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Solution

Explanation: A page fault occurs when the referenced page is not present in main memory, forcing a page-in from secondary storage.

Qus : 133 WB JECA MCA PYQ

19. ___________ is a technique to move a process from main memory to secondary memory.

(A) Deadlock (B) Synchronization (C) Caching (D) Swapping

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Solution

Explanation: Swapping transfers processes between main memory and secondary storage to manage memory pressure.

Qus : 134 WB JECA MCA PYQ

20. Demand paging is considered as ______________.

(A) fetching a page when not needed (B) switching between two processes (C) fetching a page only when needed (D) switching between two threads

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Solution

Explanation: In demand paging, a page is loaded into memory only when it is actually referenced.

Qus : 135 WB JECA MCA PYQ

21. Thrashing means a condition having ______________.

(A) minimum paging (B) optimized paging (C) synchronized paging (D) excessive paging

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Solution

Explanation: Thrashing occurs when the system spends most time paging due to insufficient frames, causing excessive paging and poor performance.

Qus : 136 WB JECA MCA PYQ

22. A counting semaphore is initialized to 15. Then, 4 wait operations and 2 signal operations are completed on this semaphore. The resulting value of the semaphore is ____________.

(A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 17 (D) 19

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Solution

Explanation: Each wait (P) decrements; each signal (V) increments. Initial: 15 → after 4 waits: 11 → after 2 signals: 13. $$ 15 - 4 + 2 = 13 $$

Qus : 137 WB JECA MCA PYQ

23. What do you mean by fork()? Choose the correct option.

(A) Starvation (B) Creation of new task (C) Demand paging (D) Semaphore

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Solution

Explanation: fork() creates a new process (child) as a copy of the calling process.

Qus : 138 WB JECA MCA PYQ

24. In file management, FAT means ______________.

(A) Feature Access Table (B) File Access Table (C) Fault Allocation Table (D) File Allocation Table

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Solution

Explanation: FAT stands for File Allocation Table, a file system layout used to map files to disk clusters.

Qus : 139 WB JECA MCA PYQ

25.What is the output of the following program ? include <iostream> using namespace std; int addition (int a, int b) { return a+b; } double addition (double a, double b) { return a+b; } int main () { cout<< addition (35,20) << “;”; cout<< addition (34.1,12.7); return 0; }

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WB JECA MCA Previous Year PYQ WB JECA MCA JECA MCA 2023 PYQ

Solution

The given program defines two overloaded functions `addition`:

1. `int addition(int a, int b)` → returns integer sum

2. `double addition(double a, double b)` → returns double sum

In `main()`:

- `addition(35,20)` calls the integer version → 35 + 20 = 55

- `addition(34.1,12.7)` calls the double version → 34.1 + 12.7 = 46.8

Therefore, the output is:

55;46.8

Qus : 140 WB JECA MCA PYQ

26.What is the output of the following program ? #include <iostream> using namespace std; template <class C1, class C2> bool is_equal (C1 var1, C2 var2) { return (var1 = = var2); } int main () { if (is_equal(10,10.0)) cout<< “Equal”; else cout<< “Not equal”; return 0; }

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Solution

The function `is_equal` is a template that compares two variables of possibly different types.

In `main()`, we call `is_equal(10, 10.0)`.

- `10` is an integer (int).

- `10.0` is a double.

C++ allows implicit type conversion during comparison.

So, `10 == 10.0` evaluates to `true`.

Therefore, the condition in the `if` statement is true, and the output will be:

Equal

Qus : 141 WB JECA MCA PYQ

26.What is the output of the following program ?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int var = 0;

while (var < 10)

{

cout << var << " ";

var++;

}

cout << var;

return 0;

}

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Solution

Output:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Explanation:

The variable var starts at 0.
The while (var < 10) loop prints 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 with spaces.
When var reaches 10, the loop stops.
After the loop, cout << var; prints 10.

Final output:
```
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
```

Qus : 142 WB JECA MCA PYQ

What is the output of the following program ?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct demo

{

int var;

};

int main()

{

demo str;

demo *ptr;

str.var = 100;

ptr = &str;

cout << ptr->var;

return 0;

}

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Solution

Output:

100

Explanation:

str.var = 100; assigns 100 to the structure variable.

ptr = &str; makes the pointer point to str.

ptr->var accesses the member var of structure str via pointer.

Hence it prints 100.

Qus : 143 WB JECA MCA PYQ

29.What is the output of the following program ?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main ()

{

int c1 = 10;

int c2 = 20;

{

int c1;

c1 = 50;

c2 = 50;

cout << "c1= " << c1 << ", c2=" << c2;

}

cout << ", c1= " << c1 << ", c2=" << c2;

return 0;

}

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Solution

Output:
c1= 50, c2=50, c1= 10, c2=50
Explanation:

Outer c1 = 10, c2 = 20.

Inside the inner block, a new local c1 is declared (shadowing outer c1).

Inner c1 = 50, and c2 (outer one) is updated to 50.

First cout prints → c1= 50, c2=50.

After the block ends, inner c1 is destroyed. Outer c1 remains 10, while outer c2 is 50.

Second cout prints → , c1= 10, c2=50.

? Final output: c1= 50, c2=50, c1= 10, c2=50.

Qus : 144 WB JECA MCA PYQ

30.What is the output of the following program ?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Demo {

public:

static int count;

Demo() { count++; }

};

int Demo::count = 0;

int main() {

Demo var1;

Demo var2[5];

cout << var1.count;

return 0;

}

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Solution

Explanation:
- int Demo::count = 0; initializes the static variable count to 0.
- Demo var1; → constructor is called once → count = 1.
- Demo var2[5]; → constructor is called 5 times (for each element in the array) → count = 6.
- Since count is static, it is shared among all objects.
- Finally, cout << var1.count; prints 6.
? Correct answer: (A) 6 ✅

Qus : 145 WB JECA MCA PYQ

31.What is the output of the following program ?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void print();

int main()

{

int var = 0;

var = print();

cout << var;

return 0;

}

void print()

{

cout << "Hi";

}

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Solution

Explanation:
- print() is declared as void print().
- In main(), the statement var = print(); tries to assign the return value of print() to an int variable.
- But since print() has no return value (void), this causes a compile-time error.
Hence, the program does not compile.

Qus : 146 WB JECA MCA PYQ

32.What is the output of the following program ?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int var = 2;

{

cout << var;

} while (var--);

return 0;

}

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Solution

Explanation:
- Initially var = 2.
- First iteration: prints 2, then var-- makes var = 1.
- Second iteration: prints 1, then var-- makes var = 0.
- Third iteration: prints 0, then var-- makes var = -1. Condition fails and loop exits.
So output is:

Qus : 147 WB JECA MCA PYQ

33.In shell script, which command is used to create a new directory ?

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Solution

mkdir is the command to create a new directory in Unix/Linux.

Qus : 148 WB JECA MCA PYQ

34.In shell script, which command is used to copy a file?

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Solution

cp is used to copy files or directories in Unix/Linux.

Qus : 149 WB JECA MCA PYQ

35.In shell script, which command is used to delete a file?

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Solution

rm is the command to remove/delete files in Unix/Linux.

Qus : 150 WB JECA MCA PYQ

36.In Unix/Linux platform, which command is used to find out the difference between two files?

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Solution

diff compares two files line by line and shows differences.

Qus : 151 WB JECA MCA PYQ

37.In Unix/Linux platform, which command is used to create a symbolic link?

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Solution

ln -s is used to create symbolic (soft) links in Linux.

Qus : 152 WB JECA MCA PYQ

38.In Unix/Linux platform, which command is used to view the inode number of a file?

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Solution

ls -i displays the inode number of each file.

Qus : 153 WB JECA MCA PYQ

39.In Unix/Linux platform, which command is used to specify the access mode for files?

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Solution

chmod is used to change file permissions (read/write/execute).

Qus : 154 WB JECA MCA PYQ

40.In Unix/Linux platform, ______ command is used to show current running processes.

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Solution

ps shows the list of currently running processes.

Qus : 155 WB JECA MCA PYQ

41.In singly linked list, the time complexity for insertion at a particular node is:

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Solution

Insertion after a given node in a linked list takes constant time O(1) (if pointer to that node is already available).

Qus : 156 WB JECA MCA PYQ

42.In stack data structure, __________ operation is not permitted.

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Solution

Enqueue is a queue operation, not allowed in stack.

Qus : 157 WB JECA MCA PYQ

43.In tree data structure, the in-degree of root node is always __________.

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Solution

The root node has no incoming edges, so its in-degree is always 0.

Qus : 158 WB JECA MCA PYQ

44.In binary tree data structure, using depth-first approach, preorder traversal means _______.

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Solution

Preorder traversal visits root first, then left subtree, then right subtree.

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WB JECA MCA Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

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Step 1: Initialization

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- ROM (Read Only Memory) stores fixed data permanently.

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In pipelining, the CPU instruction is divided into stages (Fetch, Decode, Execute, etc.).To maximize throughput, each stage must complete within 1 clock cycle.This ensures that new instructions can enter the pipeline without delay.

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In pipelining, the CPU instruction is divided into stages (Fetch, Decode, Execute, etc.).
To maximize throughput, each stage must complete within 1 clock cycle.
This ensures that new instructions can enter the pipeline without delay.