A six-faced die is a biased one. It is thrice more likely to show an odd number than to show an even number. It is thrown twice. The probability that the sum of the numbers in the two throws is even is
Let $P(\text{even})=p$ and $P(\text{odd})=3p$
$p+3p=1 \Rightarrow p=\dfrac14$
So
$P(\text{even})=\dfrac14,\quad P(\text{odd})=\dfrac34$
Sum is even when both outcomes are even or both are odd.
$P=\left(\dfrac14\right)^2+\left(\dfrac34\right)^2=\dfrac1{16}+\dfrac9{16}=\dfrac{10}{16}=\dfrac58$
Answer: $\boxed{\dfrac58}$
A letter is known to have come from either TATANAGAR or CALCUTTA. On the envelope, just two consecutive letters, TA, are visible. The probability that the letter has come from CALCUTTA is
TATANAGAR has $2$ occurrences of TA
CALCUTTA has $3$ occurrences of TA
Total occurrences $=5$
Required probability
$=\dfrac{3}{5}$
This is not listed.
Answer: $\boxed{\text{None of these}}$